Architecture Engineering and Science

This study will explore the destruction mechanism of historical building materials and provide scientific basis for the protection of cultural heritage. Through literature review and case analysis, this paper systematically investigates the failure process and influencing factors of main historical building materials such as stone, wood, brick, ceramic tile and metal. This study considers environmental factors, biological erosion, human activities, chemical reactions, etc. Is the main cause of material deterioration. According to the research results, this paper puts forward the protection strategy of combining environmental control, biological control, maintenance technology and maintenance. These results emphasize the necessity of thoroughly understanding the destruction mechanism, formulate effective protection plans, prolong the life of cultural heritage and protect human civilization.