Journal of Clinical Medicine Research is an international and open-accessed journal that focuses on global research and development of clinical medicine. It mainly reports the latest development of modern clinical medicine and research direction, publishes high quality original papers, reports and review articles related to clinical medicine. The topics involve: clinical medicine, experimental study and clinical pharmacology and clinical application, symptoms and treatment, medical treatment, ultrasonic diagnosis, clinical radiology and pathology diagnosis, emergency rescue, epidemiology, and other content related to clinical medicine.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Astragaloside and Other Triterpenoid Saponins: Advances and Mechanistic Insights
Astragalus membranaceus, a treasured herb in traditional Chinese medicine, has garnered extensive attention for its immunomodulatory properties in both clinical and experimental settings. Among its bioactive constituents, triterpenoid saponins such as astragaloside are recognized as the principal agents underlying its therapeutic efficacy. This review systematically summarizes the current research progress on the immunoregulatory effects of astragaloside and related triterpenoid saponins derived from Astragalus. We begin by outlining the historical and pharmacological background of Astragalus and its key active components. Subsequently, the review delves into the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by astragaloside, highlighting the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved. Additionally, recent pharmacological findings and potential clinical applications are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of these compounds’ roles in immune regulation. This synthesis aims to offer a theoretical framework to guide future investigations and the development of Astragalus-based immunotherapeutics.
Copyright © 2026 Chi Liu, Mingying Chai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Retrospective Study on Changes in Optic Disc Structure, Macular Perfusion, and Ganglion Cell Complex Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy Combined with Silicone Oil Tamponade
Objective: To evaluate the dynamic changes in optic disc structure, macular blood flow perfusion, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) before and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with silicone oil (SO) tamponade. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 35 eyes of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who underwent PPV combined with SO tamponade at Ningbo Eye Hospital between January 2023 and December 2025. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examinations were performed preoperatively, during the silicone oil in situ period (3 months postoperatively), and at 3 months after silicone oil removal. Optic disc structural parameters, macular superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP/DCP) vessel density, and GCC thickness were compared across time points. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved continuously from the preoperative period through oil removal (all P < 0.05). Intraocular pressure (IOP) increased during the oil-in period and returned to baseline after removal (P = 0.969). No statistically significant differences were observed in optic disc cup-to-disc ratio, rim area, or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between the oil-in period and post-removal (all P > 0.05). DCP vessel density decreased significantly after oil removal compared to the oil-in period (37.54% vs. 33.78%, P = 0.006), while SCP showed no significant difference. GCC thickness increased significantly after oil removal compared to the oil-in period (85.28 vs. 89.60 μm, P = 0.014). Conclusions: Deep retinal microcirculation continued to decline after silicone oil removal, suggesting the presence of persistent deep retinal damage. GCC thickening may reflect correction of measurement bias during the oil-in period and partial structural recovery of ganglion cells. Clinically, vigilant IOP monitoring and evaluation of macular deep perfusion during the oil-in period are warranted, along with timely removal of silicone oil.
Copyright © 2026 Yue Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Traumatic Necrosis of Femoral Head: a Case Report
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a common and challenging orthopedic disease. Clinically, it is divided into traumatic avascular necrosis and non-traumatic avascular necrosis. Traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head is often caused by hip trauma, and the risk of necrosis is positively correlated with the severity of the trauma and the delay in treatment. Here, we report the diagnosis and management of a case of complex traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a 64-year-old male, with the hope that this case can provide a reference for clinicians in dealing with similar severe post-traumatic femoral head necrosis.
Copyright © 2026 Feng Wang, Yongxu Mu, Jinlei Sun, Haonan Chi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Discussion on Director Li Peirun's Clinical Experience in Treating Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer Based on the Theory of Targeted Differentiation
Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer are an important stage in the process of normal gastric mucosa developing into gastric cancer. This refers to a series of pathological changes such as atypical hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosal epithelial cells, which have a certain tendency for malignancy but have not yet developed into a state of gastric cancer. This study aims to deeply analyze the connotation of the theory of targeted differentiation and treatment, detail Director Li Peirun's strategies for differentiating and targeting precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, and showcase his diagnostic and therapeutic ideas and medication characteristics through clinical cases, providing innovative treatment examples and theoretical references for the field of gastric cancer, promoting the application of the theory of targeted differentiation and treatment in the prevention and treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, and laying a foundation for subsequent related research.
Copyright © 2026 Ying Ma, Peirun Li, Jianhu Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Malocclusion on Adolescent Mental Health: An Analysis and Intervention Perspective
Malocclusion, a common oral health issue among adolescents, has impacts that extend beyond the physiological dimension, increasingly manifesting at the psychological level. As teenagers place growing emphasis on personal appearance and social interaction, this condition often leads to a range of psychological responses, including social withdrawal, self-identity challenges, and emotional fluctuations. To promote the harmonious physical and mental development of adolescents and to raise awareness among healthcare and educational professionals, this paper examines the mechanisms through which malocclusion affects adolescents’ social behavior, self-perception, and emotional well-being. Furthermore, it discusses feasible intervention strategies aimed at mitigating these adverse psychological effects.
Copyright © 2026 Yu Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effects of Different Doses of Esketamine on Analgesia and Postpartum Depression after Cesarean Section: Randomized Clinical Trial
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different esketamine doses on postoperative analgesia and postpartum depression after cesarean section (CS). Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 240 singleton parturients (ASA I-II) undergoing elective CS under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were allocated to four groups: control (C) and three esketamine dose groups (E0.5, E1.0, E1.5) for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was assessed preoperatively and at 3, 7, and 42 days postoperatively. Pain scores (4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h postoperatively), adverse effects, and exclusive breastfeeding (72 h postoperatively) were recorded. Results: Postoperative analgesia for cesarean deliveries was effective in all four groups, but the E1.0 group showed the best analgesic effect, the lowest incidence of adverse reactions, and the highest breastfeeding rate (p<0.05). Postpartum EPDS values were significantly higher than those in prepartum in all four groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Esketamine was safer and more effective in the E1.0 group for PCIA after CS, with the lowest incidence of adverse effects and highest breastfeeding rate.
Copyright © 2026 Linlin Yao, Ran Kong, Ran Yuan, Zhi Jia, Jianguo Wang, Yandong Li, Xiaoxiao Yuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Study on Holter Electrocardiogram Characteristics in Patients with Hypertension and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Their Relationship with Postoperative Recurrence
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the Holter ECG characteristics of patients with hypertension complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and to analyse their association with postoperative arrhythmia recurrence. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 230 patients with hypertension complicated by paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) treated at the Electrocardiography Department of Yichang Central People's Hospital between July 2023 and December 2024. Patients were categorised into a recurrence group (n=48) and a non-recurrence group (n=182) based on postoperative recurrence status. Preoperative 24-hour Holter monitoring data were collected for all patients. Univariate analysis compared clinical characteristics between groups, whilst multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that patients in the recurrence group exhibited significantly higher values for BMI, LAD, ultra-low frequency power, low-frequency power, and heart rate deceleration capacity compared to the non-recurrence group, while high-frequency power, rMSSD, pNN50, and SDNN were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified heart rate deceleration capacity, SDNN, and LAD as independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence in hypertensive patients with PAF (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Quantitative parameters of Holter monitoring in patients with hypertension complicated by PAF exhibit characteristic alterations, with reductions observed in high-frequency power, rMSSD, pNN50, and SDNN. Heart rate deceleration capacity, SDNN, and LAD constitute independent risk factors for recurrence following radiofrequency ablation.
Copyright © 2026 Tian Zhou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research on the Anti-tumor Mechanism of Natural Antimicrobial Peptide TA
Natural antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and the capacity to selectively eradicate tumour cells, presenting a promising avenue for the development of innovative anti-cancer medications[1,2]. Among these peptides, TA is a significant natural antimicrobial peptide currently undergoing investigation for its anti-tumour efficacy. This investigation focuses on human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549 cells) as the experimental model. Cell morphology will be examined using scanning electron microscopy, while the mitochondrial membrane potential changes in A549 cells following various drug treatments will be monitored in real-time using the mitochondrial membrane potential probe DiSC3(5). The overall cell count and apoptotic cell distribution will be assessed alongside DAPI/PI double staining to elucidate the mechanism and effectiveness of TA in inducing cell death in A549 cells. Intriguingly, our experiments have revealed that TA can trigger the apoptotic pathway by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential of A549 cells, demonstrating significantly greater cytotoxicity compared to 5-FU and PT compounds. These findings provide empirical support for considering TA as a potential therapeutic option for lung cancer and propose a novel strategy for targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer.
Copyright © 2026 Guofang Feng, Yang Wan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research on the Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of Gramicidin-S
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and traditional chemotherapeutic drugs such as platinum drugs (PT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are limited in their applications by drug resistance and toxic side effects, so there is an urgent need to develop new antitumor drugs that are low-toxicity, precisely targeted, and not easy to be drug-resistant. In this study, we used peptide solid-phase synthesis method to prepare Gramicidin-S (GS). We analyzed the differences in the effects of GS with PT and 5-FU through antitumor activity assay, plasma membrane depolarization assay, and scanning electron microscopy observation of cellular morphology. The results showed that GS significantly reduced A549 cell survival and rapidly induced plasma membrane depolarization, and SEM observation revealed that GS treatment severely damaged A549 cell membranes; whereas, PT and 5-FU had almost no depolarizing effect and weakly damaged cell membranes. The conclusions indicate that GS has potent cell membrane targeting on A549 lung cancer cells and exerts anti-tumor effects by destroying the cytoplasmic membrane, which provides a new direction for the research and development of targeted therapeutic drugs for lung cancer.
Copyright © 2026 Fengcai Ma, Yang Wan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Clinical Efficacy of Mandibular Osteotomy Approach in the Surgical Treatment of Advanced Oral Cancer and Its Impact on Patient Prognosis
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of mandibular osteotomy approaches in treating advanced oral cancer and their impact on patient prognosis, providing reference for optimizing clinical surgical protocols. Methods: A total of 96 patients with advanced oral cancer treated at the Department of Stomatology, Yichang Central People's Hospital between September 2022 and September 2025 were randomly divided into two groups (n=48 each). The observation group underwent mandibular osteotomy surgery, while the control group received conventional lower lip incision surgery. Treatment outcomes were compared between groups. Results: The observation group demonstrated a higher overall clinical response rate (93.75%) compared to the control group (79.17%). At 6 months postoperatively, the observation group showed superior scores in speech clarity, eating function, and masticatory efficiency compared to the control group. Additionally, the observation group achieved higher scores across all dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire, with all P<0.05. Conclusion: Mandibular osteotomy demonstrates superior clinical efficacy in treating advanced oral cancer, effectively improving patients' oral function and quality of life, with significant clinical application value.
Copyright © 2026 Hu Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Review of Orthopedic Manipulation Combined with Acupuncture for the Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis is the primary stage of cervical spondylosis, clinically characterized by neck pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Its onset is closely related to daily lifestyle. Currently, conservative treatment, especially orthopedic manipulation combined with acupuncture, is the mainstream approach for cervical spondylosis. This article is based on clinical research literature in recent years. It summarizes the theoretical basis, mechanism of action, specific operation methods, and clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine bone setting techniques combined with acupuncture at the neck and spine acupoints for the treatment of cervical spondylosis, with the core idea of "bone alignment and tendon flexibility, qi and blood flow". Comprehensive analysis shows that this combination therapy can synergistically enhance the efficacy from the perspectives of biomechanics and neurophysiology, effectively restore cervical curvature, relieve pain, improve function, and has high safety, reflecting the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine's "balanced treatment of muscles and bones, and comprehensive treatment of symptoms", providing a basis for optimizing clinical treatment plans.
Copyright © 2026 Shubo Song, Qing Sun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Qualitative Study on Clinical Healthcare Professionals' Beliefs and Practices Regarding Advance Care Planning for Glioma Patients
This study explores clinical healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding advance care planning (ACP) for glioma patients. Using a phenomenological approach, 15 neurosurgery professionals were interviewed (May 2023–May 2024). Analysis revealed four themes: limited and passively acquired knowledge, with poor attention to glioma-specific issues; mixed attitudes (positive, negative, and neutral); infrequent and non-standardized practice; and key influences from staff competence and patient/family understanding. Overall, knowledge is superficial, attitudes vary, and practice is low. To improve ACP implementation, systematic training, glioma-specific guidelines, multidisciplinary collaboration, and tailored patient/family education are recommended.
Copyright © 2026 Yan Zhao, Dongmei Li, Nini Xiao, Li Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Daily Habits on Internet Addiction Among Primary and Secondary School Students in Jingzhou City
Objective: To examine the prevalence of internet addiction among primary and secondary school students in Jingzhou City and its association with daily lifestyle habits. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2024 among students from 53 schools using a general questionnaire and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Binary logistic regression was applied. Results: Among 20,547 valid questionnaires, the prevalence of internet addiction was 17.8%. Male gender, higher educational stage, insufficient physical activity, low participation in group activities, unhealthy dietary habits, unrestricted access to electronic devices during holidays, and prolonged holiday internet use were significant risk factors. Conclusion: Internet addiction among students in Jingzhou City is prevalent and closely related to multiple lifestyle factors, indicating the need for comprehensive lifestyle-based interventions.
Copyright © 2026 Yujun Zhang, Suocheng Nie, Chang Liu, Mengying Luo, Yanqing Tao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Experimental Study on Evaluation of Left Atrial and Ventricular Function in Hypertensive Heart Disease by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Objective: To investigate the value of cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) in assessing left heart function in hypertensive heart disease (HHD) patients and to preliminarily explore the relationship between left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) function1. Methods: Ten Bama minipigs were randomly divided into an experimental group (N=6) and a control group (N=4). The experimental group underwent laparotomy with left renal artery ligation to establish a hypertension model, whereas the control group underwent laparotomy without ligation. CMR-FTs were performed at baseline and at 16 weeks post-surgery. Global LA and LV functional parameters were measured via CVI42 postprocessing software. Results: Left atrial volumetric indices LAVImin and LAVImax were significantly greater in the hypertension group at 16 weeks (LAVImin 17.65±1.66 vs 11.13±1.60 mL/m², P<0.001; LAVImax 27.05±2.19 vs 20.75±3.13 mL/m², P=0.005). LA reservoir and conduit function deteriorated early: εs and εe were decreased at 16 weeks (εs 27.22±3.71 vs 39.53±2.72, P<0.001; εe 12.10±2.02 vs 23.00±1.77, P<0.001). LV volumetric parameters and LVEF remained comparable between groups at all time points (all P>0.05), whereas LV strain indices were significantly impaired in the hypertension group at 16 weeks (e.g., LVRS 29.55±1.80 vs 43.18±1.35; LVCS −16.58±0.87 vs −19.63±0.99; LVLS −12.63±1.73 vs −18.33±0.76; all P≤0.039). Moreover, the LVLS was positively correlated with εs (r=0.814) and εe (r=0.875) and negatively correlated with LA volume (LAVmin r=−0.817; LAVmax r=−0.907), whereas the LVRS was also associated with LA function (all P<0.05). Conclusion: CMR-FT can detect structural and functional impairments of the LA and LV in early-stage HHD earlier, more sensitively, and more accurately than conventional cardiac functional parameters. Furthermore, significant correlations exist between LA and LV functional parameters.
Copyright © 2026 Mingliang Wu, Xin He, Shibo Wang, Bo Li, Yanfeng Hu, Xin Zhang, Ning Su https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Advances in Quantitative Imaging Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis
The liver serves as a critical site for lipid metabolism. Under pathological conditions such as obesity and metabolic disorders, disrupted lipid metabolism leads to abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes. Persistent and excessive fat accumulation may exacerbate hepatocyte injury, progressively evolving into steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, quantifying hepatic fat content is crucial for early diagnosis and disease management. This article summarizes advances in imaging techniques for assessing hepatic steatosis, with a focus on the clinical application and progress of magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction in quantitative hepatic fat measurement.
Copyright © 2026 Tingting Zhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Observation on the Clinical Efficacy of Zuojin Yifan Granules in the Treatment of Reflux Esophagitis (Liver Stomach Stagnation Heat Syndrome)
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Zuojin Yifan Granules in the treatment of reflux esophagitis (liver stomach stagnation heat syndrome). Method: 108 patients with reflux esophagitis (liver stomach stagnation heat syndrome) were randomly divided into Group A, Group B, and Group C using a random number table, with 36 patients in each group. Group A received treatment with Zuojin Yifan Granules, Group B received treatment with Zuojin Yifan Granules combined with rabeprazole, and Group C received treatment with rabeprazole for 8 weeks. Clinical symptom scores between groups and within groups were compared, and the improvement of clinical symptoms and changes in esophageal mucosa under endoscopy were observed in patients. Result: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical symptom scores among the three groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the clinical symptom scores of the three groups improved compared to before treatment. The clinical symptom scores of Group B were lower than those of Group A and Group C (P<0.05), and the clinical symptom scores of Group A were lower than those of Group C (P<0.05). The total effective rate of clinical symptom improvement in Group B was higher than that in Group A (P<0.05), and the total effective rate of clinical symptom improvement in Group A after treatment was higher than that in Group C (P<0.05). The total effective rate of endoscopic efficacy in Group B was higher than that in Group A (P<0.05), and the total effective rate of endoscopic efficacy in Group A was higher than that in Group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: The clinical effect of Zuojin Yifan Granules in the treatment of reflux esophagitis (liver stomach stagnation heat syndrome) is ideal, which can significantly improve clinical symptoms and enhance the endoscopic efficacy of patients.
Copyright © 2026 Dong Jiang, Feng Zhao, Ying Ma, Xiaoxu Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of the Chinese and Western Medical Academic Theory of Thyroid Disease and Zhi Qi Dao Lingli Moxibustion Regulation System
Thyroid diseases fall under the category of"goiter, goiter tumor, and goiter qi"in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM). The core pathogenesis primarily involves liver qi stagnation, with phlegm coagulation and blood stasis as the clinical manifestations, and spleen-kidney yang deficiency as the root cause. Qi stagnation, phlegm coagulation, and blood stasis interconnect at the cervical liver meridian pathway, accompanied by emotional stagnation, dual deficiency of qi and yin, and alternating cold and heat, constituting a common chronic visceral and meridian dysfunction disorder in clinical practice. Zhiqidao Lingli Moxibustion is grounded in TCM's holistic view and meridian theory, integrating the essence of emotional regulation to innovatively establish a systematic physiotherapy system: "energy oil acupoint massage+graphene energy patch penetration+compound moxa stick medicinal moxibustion+Wuji differentiation tablet precision energy guidance+physician-patient mental resonance+constant-temperature controlled-time deep moxibustion therapy. "This system, based on standardized physiotherapy, adheres to the principle of fixed main acupoints and syndrome-differentiated complementary points, achieving effects of"warm without scalding, penetrating without injury, precise energy accumulation, and mind-body coordination"through standardized procedures. Concurrently, it constructs a tripartite regulation plan combining moxibustion therapy, nutraceutical intervention, and healthy lifestyle correction. Moxibustion is administered in three progressive treatment courses, while nutraceutical intervention employs a fixed foundation of"Ganqing Bao+Changwei Bao+Shenqin Bao"combined with syndrome-differentiated matching, supplemented by lifestyle correction and health exercise guidance. This multidimensional approach addresses core pathogenic mechanisms to achieve regulatory goals such as soothing liver qi and activating blood circulation to resolve stasis. This article systematically explores its academic theory and physiotherapy system, providing comprehensive academic support and practical references for external TCM treatment of thyroid diseases, as well as novel insights for complementary regulation between TCM and Western medicine.
Copyright © 2026 Zhiqiang Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Visual Analysis of Research Hotspots and Trends in Music Therapy for Older Adults Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer
Music therapy is increasingly applied as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve the health and well-being of older adults; however, comprehensive bibliometric analyses integrating Chinese- and English-language literature remain limited. This study aimed to map the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and development trends in music therapy for older adults. Publications were retrieved from CNKI and the Web of Science Core Collection (1991–2024). CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze publication trends, thematic clusters, collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence patterns, and Excel was applied for descriptive statistical analysis. A total of 791 publications were included. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the leading contributors. High-frequency keywords in English-language literature focused on dementia, depression, anxiety, and quality of life, whereas Chinese-language literature emphasized depression, anxiety, nursing, and sleep disorders. Overall, research output has steadily increased, with international studies concentrating on neurocognitive disorders and domestic studies focusing on symptom management and clinical practice.
Copyright © 2026 Yupeng He, Yingcong Liu, Mozhengyue Ou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Review of the Latest Research Directions and Clinical Application Advances in Cardiac CT
Objective: To systematically review the latest research findings on cardiac computed tomography (CT) in terms of hardware innovation, intelligent technology integration, and expanded clinical applications. This review emphasizes its value in precision diagnosis and treatment for conditions such as atrial fibrillation and aortic valve stenosis, providing reference for the advancement of precision medicine in cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We retrieved data from core domestic and international journals, multicenter clinical trials, and authoritative guidelines (ESC, ACC/AHA, Chinese Medical Association Radiology Branch) published between 2021 and 2025. Analyses focused on technological breakthroughs in cardiac CT and disease-specific assessments through AI integration. Results: Dual-slice dual-source CT and photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) achieved the integration of low dose and high resolution, while AI technology revolutionized the entire image reconstruction workflow. CT demonstrates critical value in pre-ablation assessment for atrial fibrillation and throughout transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for aortic stenosis. Left atrial appendage volume >9.25 ml serves as an independent predictor of post-ablation recurrence (HR=1.160, 95% CI: 1.095–1.229, P<0.001).An independent predictor of post-ablation recurrence (HR=1.160, 95% CI: 1.095–1.229, P<0.001). Pre-TAVR CT assessment achieves over 95% accuracy in valve selection. Recommendations for CCT differ between the 2024 ESC and ACC/AHA guidelines, with ACC/AHA's Class COR-IIa recommendation rate (51.9%) significantly higher than ESC's (35%) (P=0.04). Conclusion: Cardiac CT has evolved into an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic platform characterized by "intelligence, precision, and comprehensive care." Future efforts should focus on advancing technical standardization and improving accessibility at the primary care level to enhance its role in early disease screening and personalized treatment.
Copyright © 2026 Kaining Yang, Jilong Jin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Humanistic Care on Patient Prognosis in Critical Care Nursing
Objective: To explore the impact of humanistic care intervention on the prognosis of critically ill patients. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was adopted, including 100 critically ill patients admitted from January to June 2025, who were divided into a routine care control group and an enhanced humanistic care observation group, with 50 cases in each group. Results: The results showed that the symptom relief time of the observation group was significantly shortened (5.68±1.32 days vs. 8.92±1.76 days, P<0.05), the total incidence of complications was significantly reduced (4.00% vs. 18.00%, P<0.05), and the nursing satisfaction was greatly improved (96.00% vs. 76.00%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Humanistic care can effectively promote rehabilitation, reduce complications, and improve patient experience, which is a key path to optimize the quality of critical care nursing.
Copyright © 2026 Yuanyuan Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Practical Application of Evidence-Based Nursing Concept in Postoperative Nursing Care in Surgery
Evidence-based nursing is a new kind of nursing model that combines scientific research evidence, clinical experience and patient's need, it has played a significant part in the postoperative nursing care of surgery, which can improve the nursing process, enhance the quality of nursing and decrease the occurrence of postoperative adverse events. Theoretical foundation of evidence based nursing is discussed in this paper, evidence based practice framework for post operative nursing care in surgery is developed, it’s application in post operative pain, incision care and complication prevention is analyzed, the guarantee mechanism for implementing evidence based nursing is discussed, the practical effects are evaluated and the future development direction is looked forward to, so as to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the standardized development of evidence based postoperative nursing care in surgery, promoting the transformation of surgical nursing from experience to science.
Copyright © 2026 Hewen Zhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research Progress on the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Functional Constipation
Functional constipation (FC) is a common functional bowel disorder, categorized under "constipation" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. As a key therapeutic modality in TCM, acupuncture has long demonstrated efficacy in managing constipation. In recent years, a growing body of modern medical research has provided supporting evidence for its use. This article reviews the effects of acupuncture on brain-gut axis dysfunction, intestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, gut microbiota imbalance, abnormal intestinal secretion, pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, and psychological factors, exploring the mechanisms and theoretical basis of acupuncture for FC.
Copyright © 2026 Yan Zuo, Xiaolei Ma, Patam Rahman, Zhongkai Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nursing Intervention and Application Value of Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Cancer Patients
This study explored the impact of systematic nutritional support nursing intervention on nutritional status, quality of life, complication rate, and nursing satisfaction in critically ill cancer patients, providing clinical evidence for optimizing nutritional nursing programs for ICU patients with critical cancer. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted, selecting 88 critically ill cancer patients admitted to the ICU of our hospital from January 2024 to December 2024. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 44 patients in each group. Nutritional indicators (serum albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores, complication rates, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and two weeks after the intervention. Systematic nutritional support nursing intervention can effectively improve the nutritional status of critically ill cancer patients, reduce the risk of nutrition-related complications, and improve patients' quality of life and nursing satisfaction.
Copyright © 2026 Hongling Zhou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Clinical Investigation into the Application of Poly-L-Lactic Acid Microsphere Mesotherapy for Facial Rejuvenation: Observations on Improvements in Skin Tone, Texture, and Pores
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) microspheres administered via mesotherapy for facial rejuvenation, focusing on skin tone brightening, texture improvement, and pore size reduction, as well as its mechanisms and safety profile. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 40 patients who underwent facial PLLA microsphere mesotherapy at a tertiary class-A hospital between January 2025 and December 2025. All patients received multi-point, micro-droplet injections into the deep dermis. Quantitative assessments were performed using the VISIA skin analysis system (texture, pore count, brown spots) and Cutometer (skin elasticity, R2 parameter) at baseline and 3 months post-treatment. Adverse events were recorded. Results: At 3 months post-treatment, VISIA analysis showed significant reductions in pore scores (42.5 ± 5.6 to 28.3 ± 4.1, P<0.001) and texture scores (38.6 ± 4.8 to 25.1 ± 3.5, P<0.001). Cutometer results revealed increased skin elasticity R2 value (0.61 ± 0.08 to 0.72 ± 0.06, P<0.001). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 95%, with no nodules or granulomas observed. Conclusion: PLLA microsphere mesotherapy effectively induces dermal collagen regeneration, demonstrating significant clinical value in refining pores, brightening skin tone, and optimizing texture with a favorable safety profile. Combined with personalized injection protocols, it is an effective modality for comprehensive facial rejuvenation.
Copyright © 2026 Haijing Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Study on the Mechanism of CD37 Regulating PI3K/AKT Signal Pathway in AML
Objective: To analyze the mechanism of CD37 in regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: AML mouse models were established with CD37 knockout (CD37⁻/⁻ group) and wild-type (CD37fl/fl group). The function of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) was evaluated by flow cytometry, colony formation assay, and serial transplantation assay. Signaling pathway changes were analyzed by RNA-seq and Western blot. The interaction between CD37 and integrin was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Results: Compared with the CD37fl/fl group, the CD37⁻/⁻ group showed decreased GFP⁺ cells in peripheral blood, reduced bone marrow blasts, and prolonged median survival (P<0.05). RNA-seq revealed that the PI3K/AKT pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. The levels of p-FAK and p-PI3K were decreased in the CD37⁻/⁻ group. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CD37 directly bound to integrin α4 and β7 subunits, and the expression of integrin α4 and β7 was downregulated after CD37 deletion (P<0.05). Conclusion: CD37 regulates the self-renewal of LSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway through integrin α4β7, and may serve as a potential safe target for AML therapy.
Copyright © 2026 Heng Guo, Tianjiao Huang, Qinglan Zeng, Chunye You, Lunbi Wu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nrf2 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Research Progress
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a Cap'n'Collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor, regulates oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, metabolism, and immune responses. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most prevalent respiratory disorder in China, is marked by high morbidity and mortality, posing a substantial socioeconomic burden. This review examines Nrf2's role in COPD pathogenesis and progression through modulation of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response.
Copyright © 2026 Lingxi Kong, Gang Jiang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Clinical Value of Energy Spectrum Computed Tomography Imaging in Evaluating the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Objective: The value of spectral computed tomography in evaluating the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: We selected 54 patients with AP (treated between June 2024 and November 2025) and divided them into mild, moderate, and severe AP groups by employing the Revised Atlanta classification (RAC) and iodine concentration (IC) and standardized iodine concentration (NIC) values were recorded. These parameters were combined with procalcitonin, interleukin-6, haematocrit, and D-dimer levels to predict the condition of severity AP. Results: Differences in procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and hospital stay were significant (P < 0.05). IC and NIC also differed significantly between groups (P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed AUCs of 0.661, 0.748, 0.554, 0.534 for procalcitonin, interleukin-6, D-dimer, and haematocrit, respectively. IC achieved an AUC of 0.834, with an optimal cutoff of 2.7 mg/mL for diagnosing moderate-severe AP. Conclusion: Spectral CT has clinical guiding value in the diagnosis of AP.
Copyright © 2026 Yi Feng, Bihui Yao, Lu Liang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Application Study of Target-controlled Infusion Anesthesia in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgical Procedures
Objective: To investigate the application efficacy of target-controlled infusion (TCI) anesthesia in minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures. Methods: Eighty-six patients undergoing minimally invasive neurosurgery from March 2024 to July 2025 were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group (n = 43 each). The control group received conventional continuous intravenous anesthesia, whereas the experimental group received TCI anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Both groups maintained BIS values between 45 and 55. Anesthesia-related time parameters, drug consumption, and the incidence of adverse events were compared. Results: The experimental group exhibited significantly shorter durations for anesthesia induction, postoperative emergence, and extubation compared to the control group (t = 8.724, 9.351, 10.126; all P < 0.05). Intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil was significantly lower in the experimental group (t = 7.892, 8.563; all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events (4.65%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (18.60%) (χ² = 4.441, P < 0.05). Conclusion: TCI anesthesia enables precise control of anesthetic depth in minimally invasive neurosurgery, shortens recovery time, reduces drug dosage, maintains hemodynamic stability, and lowers the incidence of adverse events, demonstrating significant clinical value.
Copyright © 2026 Tianpin Liu, Chunli Zeng, Qiongyao Wang, Yao Chen, Qibin Ke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Sintilimab Combined with Cisplatin + Pemetrexed Chemotherapy Regimen on Tumor Markers in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Objective: To investigate the effect of sintilimab combined with cisplatin + pemetrexed chemotherapy regimen on tumor markers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 68 NSCLC patients in the Oncology Department of Sichuan Provincial Jiaotong Hospital from June 2023 to June 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. The control group (34 cases) was treated with cisplatin + pemetrexed chemotherapy regimen, and the experimental group (34 cases) was treated with sintilimab injection on the basis of the control group's regimen. The changes in tumor marker levels, therapeutic efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the levels of the above tumor markers in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the levels of each index in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in adverse reaction indexes between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The application of sintilimab combined with cisplatin + pemetrexed chemotherapy regimen in NSCLC patients can significantly reduce the expression levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and other tumor markers, improve the clinical objective response rate and disease control rate, with considerable safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Copyright © 2026 Tiannan Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research on the Establishment and Effectiveness Evaluation of a Quality Monitoring System for Soft Endoscope Cleaning and Disinfection
In order to improve the stability of cleaning and disinfection quality of soft endoscopes, a full process quality control system was established starting from important operational links such as pre-treatment, manual brushing, disinfection, and final drying, and the implementation effect was evaluated. The results indicate that the cleaning qualification rate, disinfection compliance rate, operation specification execution rate, and record completeness rate have all been improved after the operation of the system, with minimal process fluctuations. Research shows that a quality monitoring system centered on controlling key operational behaviors can improve the quality management level of cleaning and disinfection of soft endoscopes.
Copyright © 2026 Wen Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research Progress of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Depression
Depression is a major cause of disability and death among adolescents. The pathogenesis of depression is still unclear, and in recent years, the application of magnetic resonance imaging technology has allowed us to gain insight into the changes in depression at the neurological level; In order to further reveal the complexity of adolescent depression, this paper aims to collect the literature on adolescent depression by applying functional magnetic resonance imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging methods, and to briefly discuss the relevant research results.
Copyright © 2026 Xueyou Feng, Hui Wang, Zhenyang Gao, Yuchen Zhong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Practical Path of Integrating Xujiang Medical Culture into the Curriculum Ideology and Politics of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the OBE Concept
In the talent training system of higher education, ideological and political education should run through the whole process to realize the deep integration of professional education and ideological and political education. Guided by the concept of Outcome-Based Education (OBE), this study explores the practical path of systematically integrating curriculum ideology and politics into the teaching of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and constructs an effective ideological and political teaching model, so as to improve the quality of education and truly cultivate professionals in Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine with solid professional capabilities and noble professional ethics.
Copyright © 2026 Junhao Zhu, Xin Xu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A New Breakthrough in the Treatment of Ichthyosis
Ichthyosis, known in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as "snake-skin lichen," is a condition historically described as scaly skin resembling snake scales. Pathogenic Wind causes this condition by obstructing the striae, which leads to sluggish blood and qi and a failure to moisturize the skin. This study explores the TCM perspective on ichthyosis and evaluates the efficacy of Zhang Jian Therapy, a treatment developed through 23 years of clinical practice. This therapy identifies the root cause in the kidneys, the root basis in the spleen, and the superficial manifestation in the lungs. As a patented TCM external treatment in both China and the U.S., it uses a unique fumigation method to activate a patented herbal formula, allowing rapid skin penetration. Clinically validated, it achieves therapeutic results approximately 20 times more effective than conventional oral medications or skincare products. It overcomes the limitations of Western treatments, which are rapid-acting but have significant adverse reactions, and traditional remedies, which are slow-acting. By improving both the skin and internal organs without harming the liver, spleen, or kidneys, Zhang Jian Therapy delivers remarkable outcomes and addresses the core imbalance of yin and yang in ichthyosis.
Copyright © 2026 Yan Li, Yan Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Two Different Ventilation Methods on Ventilation Function in Preterm Infants during Recovery Period of RDS
Objective: To investigate the effects of two different ventilation methods on ventilation function in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) during the recovery period. Methods: 100 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected as the study subjects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into high-frequency oscillatory ventilation combined with volume guarantee (HFOV-VG) group (50 cases) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) group (50 cases). Compare the invasive mechanical ventilation time and total respiratory support time, arterial blood gas analysis results [arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂), carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO₂), inspired oxygen fraction (FiO₂)], and the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Results: Both invasive mechanical ventilation time and total respiratory support time in HFOV-VG group were shorter than those in CMV group (P<0.05). The PaO₂ levels in the HFOV-VG group at 6h, 12h, and 24h were all lower than those in the CMV group (P<0.05). The PaCO₂ levels in the HFOV-VG group at 6h, 12h, and 24h were all lower than those in the CMV group (P<0.05). The FiO₂ levels in the HFOV-VG group at 30 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours were all lower than those in the CMV group (P<0.05). The incidence of hypocapnia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intraventricular hemorrhage in the HFOV-VG group was significantly lower than that in the CMV group (P<0.05), and there was no difference in the incidence of other complications (P>0.05), but there was a tendency to decrease in the HFOV-VG group. Conclusion: HFOV-VG demonstrated significant advantages compared with CMV in the management of ventilatory function during the recovery period of RDS in preterm infants, including shortening ventilation time, improving oxygenation, and reducing the incidence of key complications.
Copyright © 2026 Caixia Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Precision Drug Delivery and Anti-Contamination Strategies in Oily Topical Liquid Formulations: A Narrative Review
This review aims to summarize the key challenges and improvement strategies for precise delivery and contamination control in oily topical liquid formulations. Based on published literature, it examines formulation properties, dispensing variability, user-related factors, post-opening contamination risks, packaging design, and protective technologies. The review shows that dose inconsistency is influenced by viscosity, temperature, container structure, bottle angle, applied force, skin spreading, and patient handling. Repeated use may also increase contamination risk through finger contact, environmental exposure, poor storage, and contaminated dispensing interfaces. Current strategies, including metered-dose delivery, applicator-guided systems, single-dose packaging, improved multidose containers, preservative optimization, and compatibility-aware packaging, may improve dose reproducibility and safety. Overall, oily topical liquid formulations should be managed as integrated product systems. Optimizing formulation, container, dispensing interface, packaging protection, and user instructions is essential to support safer, more accurate, and patient-centered topical therapy.
Copyright © 2026 Rong Yang, Sitong Wang, Wenmei Li, Liya Ma, Xinghua Yu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Optimization of the Prehospital Chain of Survival for Cardiac Arrest: Progress from High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation to Early Defibrillation
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remains a major cause of sudden death, and survival largely depends on the effectiveness of the prehospital chain of survival. This review aims to summarize current progress in optimizing early recognition, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, high-quality chest compressions, automated external defibrillator access, and coordinated emergency response. Evidence from recent guidelines, registry studies, systematic reviews, and implementation research was analyzed to identify key strategies that shorten treatment delay and improve early resuscitation quality. The results show that survival improvement depends not on a single intervention, but on the integration of rapid arrest recognition, dispatcher-assisted guidance, immediate CPR, timely defibrillation, public-access AED systems, trained citizen responders, digital dispatch tools, and emerging AED delivery models. In conclusion, optimizing the prehospital response system through coordinated, time-sensitive, and community-supported strategies is essential for improving outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Copyright © 2026 Guangrong Zhang, Doudou Jin, Siying Chen, Jinlong Zhou, Yansong Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0