Journal of Higher Education Research
type: channel
description: The Journal of Higher Education Research is an international and open accessed journal that publishes study results of educational development, policy or emerging issues throughout postsecondary education institutions. The scope of topics addressed is broad, encompassing institutional system and reform, comparative analysis of international higher education, faculty education and development, curriculum design and teaching innovation, higher education and talents cultivation, vocational education and other particular problems or issues. The journal encourages submissions from international scholars, researchers, teachers or institutional leaders and aims to provide a platform for exchanging of research results, innovative and authoritative perspective and insights on higher education development.
publisher: Frontier Scientific Publishing Pte Ltd
language: en-US
publication name: Journal of Higher Education Research
issn: 2717-6061
items: A Discussion on the Reform Strategies of College English Teaching from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence
items: Exploration of Innovative Paths for College English Teaching in the New Era
items: Solving the Biharmonic Equation with Coupled Physics-informed Neural Networks Based on Self-adaptive Loss Balancing
items: Why Group Broadcasting is So Addictive: The Reality Symptoms, Potential Risks, and Coping Strategies for Youth Value Formation under the "All-People Broadcaster" Phenomenon
items: Design of an Intelligent Decision-Making System for University Human Resources Based on Generative AI
items: A Practical Study on AI-Assisted Oral English Teaching at College in the Intelligent Era
items: A Brief Analysis of Competency of Radar Operators
items: Mode of Existence and Speech Act: Restructuring the Framework of the Essence of the Chinese Discipline
items: Exploring an Industry-Education Integration-Based Talent Cultivation Model for Comprehensive Practice Courses in Pharmaceutical Engineering: A Case Study of Zhaoqing University
items: The Promise and Pitfalls of LLMs in Poetry Translation: A Case Study of Li Bai's "Invitation to Wine"
items: Implantation and Introduction Teaching of the Course on the Principles and Applications of Single-Chip Microcomputers Based on Knowledge Graphs
items: Teaching Reform of Linear Algebra Enabled by Artificial Intelligence
items: Research on the Integration Strategy of AI and Traditional Teaching Methods in College Gymnastics Public Physical Education
items: Research on Teacher Development Challenges in Private Higher Education Institutions in Sichuan Province
items: Research on the Characteristics and Optimization Pathways of High-Level Talent Introduction Policies in Higher Vocational Colleges
items: Exploration and Practice of Digital Human Resource Management Curriculum Reform
items: Research on Paths of Quality Improvement and Efficiency Enhancement in College English under the Background of Digital Empowerment
items: The Algorithmic Scaffold: A Phenomenological Study of Artificial Intelligence's Impact on EFL Learners' Higher-Order Thinking Skills through the Lens of Motivational Self-Determination
items: Cultivating Positive Connections: A Group Intervention Study on Alleviating Situational Social Anxiety Driven by Smart Media Use Among College Students
items: A Study on the Cross-Disciplinary Integration of Core Competencies in Enterprise Positions and University Curriculum Systems — Taking Economics and Finance as an Example
items: The Development of Autonomy through Meta-cognitive Strategies Training at Private Universities
items: Conceptualizing the Fusion: An Exploratory Study on Embedding Generative AI within the TPACK Framework for Future Implementation in Applied College English Classrooms
items: The Practice of Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship into the Basic Courses of Business Majors under the SCPC Model: A Case Study of "Microeconomics"
items: Course Reform and Practice of "Web Security Programming" Under the Orientation of Applied Talent Training
items: The Reform Practice of Project-Based Teaching in Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics Courses
items: Research on the Talent Cultivation Path for Preschool Education Majors in Vocational Undergraduate Education under the Background of Integrated Childcare and Preschool Education
items: The Effect Mechanism of Teacher Self-Leadership Training on Class Management and Students' Psychology under the Construction of Theoretical Model
items: Collaborative Education Between Cross-border E-commerce and International Chinese Education: Path Exploration and Case Analysis in an Industry-education Integration Context
items: Research on a "Software-Hardware Integration and Data-Intelligence Driven" Talent Cultivation Model for Electronic Information Majors in the AI Era
items: A Study on the Construction of Virtual Simulation Teaching Platform for Preschool Inclusive Education in the Digital Context
items: Shandong Practices and Deepening Paths for Integrating Red Culture Resources into the Teaching of the "Compendium of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History" Course
items: Exploration into the Reform Paths of Course Evaluation System under ESP Mode — Taking Business English Correspondence as an Example
items: Innovation and Practice of a Teaching Model for Cultivating AI-Empowered Creative Talents: A Case Study of the Advertising Copywriting Course
items: Development and Implementation of a Multidimensional Assessment and Evaluation System for the Basic Nursing Course in a Blended Learning Mode
items: Practice of Diversification of Basketball Teaching Methods in Physical Education Specialty
items: The Teacher in the Loop: Re-conceptualizing Roles and Agency in AI-Enhanced College English Classrooms
items: Research on the Integration Path of Artificial Intelligence Data-intelligence Literacy and Project-based Learning in Higher Vocational English

A Discussion on the Reform Strategies of College English Teaching from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence
type: item
description: From the perspective of cultural confidence, college English teaching faces many challenges. In the teaching process, issues such as the lack of local cultural elements, failure to effectively stimulate cultural confidence, and the neglect of cultivating cultural confidence are prevalent. In response, improvements should be made by enriching teaching content with local cultural integration, updating teaching methods to create culturally interactive classrooms, and enhancing teaching evaluation to highlight the orientation toward cultural confidence. These approaches aim to improve the outcomes of college English teaching and cultivate students’ cultural confidence and intercultural communication competence.
creator: Quan Zhu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Quan Zhu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4873

Exploration of Innovative Paths for College English Teaching in the New Era
type: item
description: Universities are an important platform for cultivating high-quality talents, and the quality of English teaching is closely related to students’ international competitiveness and the future development of the nation. However, during the organization and implementation of English teaching activities, the traditional teaching methods and models that have long been used in universities can no longer meet the current era’s demand for English talents, making the reform of English curriculum teaching models imperative. From multiple perspectives, this paper explores the paths for innovating and developing college English teaching models in the context of the new era, with the aim of improving the level of English teaching in China.
creator: Xiaoqing Yao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Xiaoqing Yao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 6
ending page: 9
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4874

Solving the Biharmonic Equation with Coupled Physics-informed Neural Networks Based on Self-adaptive Loss Balancing
type: item
description: Standard Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) encounter notable challenges in solving this equation numerically, such as inadequate approximation accuracy, considerable computational expense, and difficulties in loss function optimization. To mitigate these limitations, we propose introducing an auxiliary variable to decompose the fourth-order biharmonic equation into a coupled system of two second-order partial differential equations. By separately approximating the original solution and the intermediate variable, this approach effectively alleviates the numerical errors associated with computing high-order derivatives while also reducing computational overhead. Furthermore, we incorporate an adaptive loss weighting scheme to dynamically balance the contributions of the PDE various PDE loss terms during training, thereby addressing the issue of loss imbalance inherent in multi-constrained learning. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through several numerical experiments.
creator: Jing Jiang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Jing Jiang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 10
ending page: 15
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4875

Why Group Broadcasting is So Addictive: The Reality Symptoms, Potential Risks, and Coping Strategies for Youth Value Formation under the "All-People Broadcaster" Phenomenon
type: item
description: With the iteration of internet technology and the expansion of live-streaming platform economies, group broadcasting, characterized by collaborative performances and audience tipping interactions, has rapidly emerged, driving the wave of "all-people broadcasters" sweeping through the youth group. Group broadcasting, with its professional division of labor and high interactivity, has become an important arena for youth communication and value formation. However, behind this "addictive" participation lies a range of risks, including an entertainment-centric approach to live-stream content, a symbol-consumption focus on money, information echo chambers, and the erosion of online behavioral morality. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the efforts of government regulation, platform responsibility, and social supervision to promote the healthy development of youth groups.
creator: Wanying Xu
creator: Qi Yang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Wanying Xu, Qi Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 16
ending page: 22
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4884

Design of an Intelligent Decision-Making System for University Human Resources Based on Generative AI
type: item
description: Driven by both the digital transformation of higher education and the growing demand for refined human resource management, traditional university human resource management models face problems such as data fragmentation, strong subjectivity in decision-making, and low process efficiency. Centered on generative AI technology and combined with core business areas of university human resource management — including position recruitment, performance evaluation, training and development, and staffing optimization — this paper designs an intelligent decision-making system for university human resources. By constructing a multi-source data integration framework and optimizing generative AI models based on the Transformer architecture, the study enables deep mining, intelligent analysis, and decision recommendation generation for human resource data. The system adopts a layered architecture encompassing the data layer, technology layer, application layer, and decision layer, and simultaneously develops core modules such as intelligent recruitment matching, dynamic performance evaluation, and training program generation, along with supporting data processing and decision execution workflows. This study aims to address the challenge of transforming data value in university human resource management and to enhance the scientific rigor and precision of decision-making.
creator: Wen Fang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Wen Fang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 23
ending page: 28
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4885

A Practical Study on AI-Assisted Oral English Teaching at College in the Intelligent Era
type: item
description: With the advent of the intelligent era, the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and higher education teaching has become an inevitable path for educational reform. Oral English teaching is an important component of college English teaching and a key approach to cultivating and enhancing students’ competence of language expression, comprehensive application, and intercultural communication. At present, oral English teaching at college generally encounters difficulties such as insufficient practice scenarios, lack of personalized guidance, and delayed feedback. Relying on AI technologies like speech recognition, natural language processing, and adaptive learning to assist oral English teaching can significantly improve learning effectiveness. This paper systematically introduces the core technological application scenarios, main tools, and practical models of AI-assisted oral English teaching, summarizes existing shortcomings, and conducts teaching reflections, with the aim of offering preliminary insights and providing references for advancing intelligent oral English teaching at college.
creator: Ning Zuo
creator: Mingwei Gu
creator: Daoyu Mu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Ning Zuo, Mingwei Gu, Daoyu Mu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 29
ending page: 33
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4886

A Brief Analysis of Competency of Radar Operators
type: item
description: As an important position in the air defense early warning system, the radar operator mainly undertakes tasks such as air situation monitoring and intelligence processing. Therefore, a radar operator not only needs keen observation ability but also decisive judgment ability. This paper summarizes and analyzes the competency of radar operators to ensure the safety and stability of airspace, safeguard national security, and promote China’s economic development.
creator: Qiangzhuang Zhang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Qiangzhuang Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 34
ending page: 36
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4945

Mode of Existence and Speech Act: Restructuring the Framework of the Essence of the Chinese Discipline
type: item
description: In China, mother tongue education, specifically Chinese education, has long been a focal point for both the educational community and society at large. Traditional theories of Chinese education have predominantly focused on pedagogical methods and techniques, while the understanding and research regarding the essence of the discipline of "Chinese" require further refinement. This paper posits that the essence of Chinese is a mode of existence, enabling students to recognize the various possibilities of language itself, thereby revealing the diverse possibilities of social life. Furthermore, Chinese is a form of speech act — the act through which linguistic communication is realized. Therefore, the essential characteristics of Chinese are to demonstrate the various possibilities of linguistic communication knowledge and linguistic communication competence.
creator: Jiayi Zhang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Jiayi Zhang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 37
ending page: 44
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4949

Exploring an Industry-Education Integration-Based Talent Cultivation Model for Comprehensive Practice Courses in Pharmaceutical Engineering: A Case Study of Zhaoqing University
type: item
description: This study examines a talent cultivation model for pharmaceutical engineering practice courses at Zhaoqing University within the framework of industry-education integration. By fostering university-enterprise collaboration, the program aims to enhance students' practical skills and market competitiveness. The study proposes curriculum reforms, including an optimized system, expanded training bases, and a dual mentor system involving faculty and industry professionals. These efforts align the curriculum with industry needs, enhance professional competence, and provide authentic production and research experiences. Industry experts’ ongoing participation ensures timely updates and offers a replicable model for regional universities.
creator: Hancheng Li
creator: Chenliang Chu
creator: Peng Zeng
creator: Liang Qin
creator: Rimeng Chen
creator: Deyun Ma
rights: Copyright © 2026 Hancheng Li, Chenliang Chu, Peng Zeng, Liang Qin, Rimeng Chen, Deyun Ma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 45
ending page: 47
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4950

The Promise and Pitfalls of LLMs in Poetry Translation: A Case Study of Li Bai's "Invitation to Wine"
type: item
description: The rise of Generative Artificial Intelligence is reshaping the practice of poetry translation. Using Li Bai's "Invitation to Wine" as a case study, this research compares an English translation generated by ChatGPT with the classic version by Xu Yuanchong. Through close reading across the dimensions of structure, culture-loaded terms, and rhythm, the study finds that while LLMs can produce grammatically correct and semantically coherent translations proficiently, significant gaps remain compared to human artistry. ChatGPT's output tends to be prosaic in form, literal in handling cultural imagery, and deficient in conscious rhythmic design.
creator: Qianqian Gao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Qianqian Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 48
ending page: 52
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4951

Implantation and Introduction Teaching of the Course on the Principles and Applications of Single-Chip Microcomputers Based on Knowledge Graphs
type: item
description: This study addresses the complex knowledge structure, strong interconnectivity, and high teaching difficulty of the Microcontroller Principles and Applications course by proposing a knowledge graph-based, embedded and guided teaching approach. By constructing a multidimensional knowledge graph centered on microcontrollers, it systematically organizes the logical relationships between course content and prerequisite/sequential courses while integrating career development pathways to enhance students' holistic understanding of the curriculum framework. Practical implementation demonstrates that this approach effectively boosts student engagement, cultivates their ability to independently construct knowledge frameworks, and propels the microcontroller course toward intelligent and personalized teaching. It provides valuable insights for curriculum reform in engineering disciplines.
creator: Haidi Rao
creator: Wenming Wang
creator: Xiaofeng Ye
creator: Juanjuan Zhu
creator: Wu Feng
rights: Copyright © 2026 Haidi Rao, Wenming Wang, Xiaofeng Ye, Juanjuan Zhu, Wu Feng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 53
ending page: 56
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4952

Teaching Reform of Linear Algebra Enabled by Artificial Intelligence
type: item
description: Linear algebra is a highly abstract and theoretical course, and students often encounter difficulties in conceptual understanding and in connecting theory with applications. With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), new possibilities have emerged for instructional support, learning feedback, and educational assessment. Based on theories of active learning and inquiry-based instruction, this paper proposes an AI-enhanced instructional model for linear algebra organized around a closed loop of concept construction, inquiry-based learning, and formative feedback. The paper discusses the application of this model to core topics in linear algebra and analyzes the role of GenAI as a cognitive scaffold under teacher guidance. The study argues that, when appropriately regulated, GenAI can effectively support students’ conceptual understanding and transferable knowledge in linear algebra.
creator: Wenlin Huang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Wenlin Huang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 57
ending page: 60
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4953

Research on the Integration Strategy of AI and Traditional Teaching Methods in College Gymnastics Public Physical Education
type: item
description: Against the dual backgrounds of the advancement of the"Healthy China"strategy and the deepening of education digital transformation, the traditional teaching mode of college gymnastics public physical education is faced with such problems as the lack of personalized guidance, insufficient teacher-student interaction and a single evaluation system. Based on the educational objectives of college physical education, this paper systematically discusses the technical support and practical paths for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and traditional teaching methods, and constructs an integration strategy covering teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching methods and teaching evaluation. By giving play to the advantages of AI technology in precise empowerment and the advantages of traditional teaching in systematization and humanism, this paper expects to promote the transformation of college gymnastics public physical education from single skill teaching to comprehensive literacy cultivation, and improve the quality and effectiveness of curriculum education.
creator: Yao Yao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Yao Yao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 61
ending page: 63
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4954

Research on Teacher Development Challenges in Private Higher Education Institutions in Sichuan Province
type: item
description: Private higher education institutions form a vital component of China's education system. Faculty members' professional growth and development determine the future of these universities. Teachers in private universities face multiple career challenges. This study conducted questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with teachers at five private undergraduate institutions in Sichuan, China. Research uncovers current challenges: low institutional identification among faculty, low research confidence, compressed time for academic accumulation, low institutional investments in teacher development against high assessment objectives, and low base salaries exacerbating livelihood anxieties. This study proposes recommendations from teachers, institutions, and government policymakers, to address these predicaments.
creator: Xiang Li
rights: Copyright © 2026 Xiang Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 64
ending page: 67
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4955

Research on the Characteristics and Optimization Pathways of High-Level Talent Introduction Policies in Higher Vocational Colleges
type: item
description: This study takes higher vocational colleges in Zhejiang Province as a case to systematically analyze the evolutionary stages, characteristics, and challenges of their high-level talent recruitment policies against the backdrop of vocational education reform. The research finds that these policies have generally evolved from a phase of “scale expansion” to one of “categorical quality enhancement”, and further toward “strategic ecosystem building”, reflecting a shift from meeting quantitative targets to fostering connotative development, and ultimately aligning with long-term strategic goals. Meanwhile, the study identifies persistent core issues in current talent recruitment efforts, including insufficient foresight in planning, underdeveloped support systems, and mismatches between evaluation mechanisms and the characteristics of high-level talent. Based on these findings, systematic recommendations for optimization are proposed, focusing on precision recruitment, professional support services, and development-oriented evaluation mechanisms.
creator: Chenyu Cai
creator: Chunjie Lyu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Chenyu Cai, Chunjie Lyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 68
ending page: 72
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4956

Exploration and Practice of Digital Human Resource Management Curriculum Reform
type: item
description: The era of digital economy puts forward new requirements for human resource management talents. Based on the industrial demand and teaching practice, this study constructed a curriculum system integrating digital technology and management theory, innovatively designed a hybrid teaching mode, and established a multi-dimensional evaluation mechanism. Practice shows that the reform scheme has effectively improved students' digital literacy and practical ability, and enhanced their employment competitiveness. The research puts forward the dynamic update mechanism and continuous improvement strategy, which provides a reference for the construction of related courses.
creator: Zhuyu Wang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Zhuyu Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 73
ending page: 76
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4957

Research on Paths of Quality Improvement and Efficiency Enhancement in College English under the Background of Digital Empowerment
type: item
description: Guided by the strategy of educational digital transformation, digital technology is profoundly reshaping the form of college English teaching and has become a core engine for addressing pain points such as "homogeneous teaching, insufficient personalization, and low efficiency" to achieve quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. Based on the digital transformation theory, OMO teaching theory, and constructivist learning theory, combined with the requirements of the Ministry of Education's educational digitalization policies and practical cases from multiple universities, this paper systematically analyzes the current characteristics and core bottlenecks of digitally empowered college English teaching. From four dimensions — teacher development, teaching models, resource ecology, and evaluation systems — it proposes systematic paths for quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, including hierarchical empowerment, integrated innovation, collaborative co-construction, and diversified reconstruction. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the in-depth integration of digital technology and college English teaching and building a high-quality foreign language teaching system.
creator: Chen Yan
rights: Copyright © 2026 Chen Yan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 77
ending page: 80
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4958

The Algorithmic Scaffold: A Phenomenological Study of Artificial Intelligence's Impact on EFL Learners' Higher-Order Thinking Skills through the Lens of Motivational Self-Determination
type: item
description: The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into higher education has precipitated a paradigm shift in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pedagogy. While the utility of AI for basic linguistic acquisition is well-documented, its influence on Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) — specifically analyzing, evaluating, and creating — remains a subject of pedagogical debate. Drawing upon management motivation theories, specifically Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study adopts a qualitative phenomenological research design to explore the lived experiences of first-year EFL undergraduates interacting with AI tools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants randomly selected from five distinct academic cohorts. The findings reveal a complex duality: while AI functions as a "competence multiplier" that scaffolds analytical thinking and reduces cognitive load, it simultaneously risks undermining learner autonomy by fostering an over-reliance that inhibits evaluative rigor. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory and management efficiency models, this study contends that the predominance of extrinsic efficiency-driven AI use — without intrinsic motivational regulation — may lead to the gradual erosion of evaluative and creative cognitive faculties, a phenomenon we term algorithmic dependency.
creator: Xuefan Feng
creator: Fei Gao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Xuefan Feng, Fei Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 81
ending page: 85
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4959

Cultivating Positive Connections: A Group Intervention Study on Alleviating Situational Social Anxiety Driven by Smart Media Use Among College Students
type: item
description: The pervasive integration of smart media has fundamentally reshaped how Generation Z college students interact. This shift leads to a phenomenon called "online coexistence and offline loneliness." Such a dynamic fosters a unique type of situational social anxiety, which emerges mainly in offline, complex social settings. This study aims to examine the psychological pathway between smart media use and this anxiety. It also focuses on developing and testing a group intervention. Quantitative results confirmed that heavy smart media use, including frequent social comparison and performance pressure, predicts higher anxiety. This occurs through negative self-evaluation and perceived interpersonal threat. The intervention group had a greater reduction in anxiety and better social self-confidence after the program and at a 3-month follow-up, compared to a wait list control group. Qualitative findings showed improved perceived ability to handle real-world interaction and an increased appreciation for authentic connections. The study concludes that the "Positive Connections" program can effectively target cognitive distortions and help rebuild offline social skills, offering a strong model for university mental health initiatives.
creator: Jiajia Li
creator: Xingru Chen
rights: Copyright © 2026 Jiajia Li, Xingru Chen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 86
ending page: 88
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4960

A Study on the Cross-Disciplinary Integration of Core Competencies in Enterprise Positions and University Curriculum Systems — Taking Economics and Finance as an Example
type: item
description: With the transformation of the digital economy, enterprise positions in economics and finance increasingly require cross-disciplinary and integrated competencies. However, many university curriculum systems remain discipline-oriented, leading to a mismatch between talent cultivation and enterprise needs. Taking economics and finance as an example, this study analyzes the core competencies of typical enterprise positions and examines the current structure of related university curricula. Through a competency–curriculum mapping analysis, key gaps are identified, particularly in data literacy, practical application, and interdisciplinary integration. Based on these findings, the study proposes a competency-oriented pathway for cross-disciplinary curriculum integration, including modular course design and diversified teaching and evaluation mechanisms. The results provide practical insights for curriculum reform and talent cultivation in economics and finance education.
creator: Shixiaoqi Liu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Shixiaoqi Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 89
ending page: 94
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4961

The Development of Autonomy through Meta-cognitive Strategies Training at Private Universities
type: item
description: Learner autonomy is widely recognized as vital for effective English learning, and metacognitive strategies have been proven to be closely correlated with the development of learner autonomy. This study focuses on non-English major students at private universities, aiming to explore practical approaches to cultivating learner autonomy via systematic metacognitive strategy training. The research mainly adopts classroom intervention experiments, investigating students' application of metacognitive strategies in three core aspects: English learning planning, process-oriented self-monitoring, and extracurricular self-directed learning. The findings reveal that targeted metacognitive strategy training significantly enhances students' awareness of autonomous learning, improves their ability to arrange learning tasks and evaluate learning outcomes independently, and effectively boosts their overall English learning initiative and academic performance. It concludes that integrating metacognitive strategy training into regular English teaching is an effective and feasible way to promote learner autonomy among students in private universities.
creator: Jiayi Liu
creator: Gengxue Li
rights: Copyright © 2026 Jiayi Liu, Gengxue Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 95
ending page: 98
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4962

Conceptualizing the Fusion: An Exploratory Study on Embedding Generative AI within the TPACK Framework for Future Implementation in Applied College English Classrooms
type: item
description: Against the backdrop of digital education and the internationalization of higher education, innovative approaches to English listening and speaking instruction in applied undergraduate universities urgently require strong theoretical and technological support. This paper begins with foundational work for reform, conducting a survey and interviews on the current state of English listening and speaking courses for first-year non-English major students in applied universities. Their English proficiency ranges from A1 to B1 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The survey revealed several issues, including incomplete teaching technology in the classroom, overly procedural classroom teaching, untimely feedback on classroom activities and assignments, and slow student adaptation to certain learning environments. Based on these issues, this paper utilizes the core capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to empower the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, initially constructing a "GenAI-TPACK Integrated Teaching Model Framework." This framework aims to dynamically combine technical knowledge (TK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and content knowledge (CK) to achieve four-dimensional innovation in the teaching objectives, processes, platforms, and evaluation of Applied English Listening and Speaking courses. It is a comprehensive and systematic theoretical model and operational blueprint that can be verified through subsequent teaching practice. Furthermore, the current research has laid a theoretical foundation for innovative integration, clarified the focus of the problem, and provided a preliminary analytical framework and model conception for the digital reform of English listening and speaking teaching in applied universities.
creator: Yijin Wang
creator: Gengxue Li
creator: Jiayi Liu
creator: Fei Gao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Yijin Wang, Gengxue Li, Jiayi Liu, Fei Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 99
ending page: 102
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4963

The Practice of Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship into the Basic Courses of Business Majors under the SCPC Model: A Case Study of "Microeconomics"
type: item
description: In response to the pain points in the traditional teaching of Microeconomics, such as the difficulty in implementing Marxist economic views, the disconnection between learning and application, and the insufficient innovative drive of students, a "SCPC (Scenario→Case→Practice→Competition)" specialized and innovative integration teaching model is constructed based on the OBE concept and constructivist theory. Through four core measures including multi-space scenario creation, multi-dimensional case development, virtual simulation practice design, and competition channel linkage, combined with "gradual ideological and political education" and a diversified evaluation system, the deep integration of professional education, innovation and entrepreneurship education, and ideological and political education in the curriculum is achieved. Taking 748 students from six business-related majors at Nanning University as the practical subjects, the data shows that students' innovative thinking, practical ability, and the winning rate of discipline competitions have significantly improved, providing a replicable and scalable practical model for the specialized and innovative integration reform of similar business-related basic courses.
creator: Ying Feng
creator: Wenjun Lu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Ying Feng, Wenjun Lu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 103
ending page: 110
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4964

Course Reform and Practice of "Web Security Programming" Under the Orientation of Applied Talent Training
type: item
description: As a core elective course for the information security major, “Web Security Programming” is tasked with cultivating students' practical capabilities in Web security development and attack-defense techniques. Targeting key issues in current teaching — such as the theory-practice disconnect, simplistic attack-defense scenarios, rigid assessment methods, and insufficient coverage of cutting-edge technologies — this paper proposes a course reform plan from five dimensions: teaching content optimization, practical system upgrading, assessment method innovation, integration of ideological and political education with technology, and teaching resource expansion, in line with the course syllabus. By streamlining redundant knowledge, enhancing scenario-based combat training, improving diversified assessment, deepening immersive ideological and political education, and expanding three-dimensional resources, the reform achieves the four-in-one talent training goal of "foundation-vulnerability-practice-literacy", elevates teaching quality and students' post adaptability, and offers a reference for cultivating applied talents in information security.
creator: Yingchao Wang
creator: Na Li
rights: Copyright © 2026 Yingchao Wang, Na Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 111
ending page: 113
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4965

The Reform Practice of Project-Based Teaching in Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics Courses
type: item
description: Traditional instruction in Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics (PTMS) often suffers from a disconnect between abstract theory and real-world application, resulting in fragmented knowledge and underdeveloped practical competencies among students. To bridge this gap, this study implements a comprehensive project-based learning (PBL) model. The course was restructured around authentic, industry-relevant projects, with a central case on “Bank Wealth Management Team Performance Evaluation” guiding students through the full cycle of statistical inquiry—from problem definition to data analysis and evidence-based reporting. A quasi-experimental design compared an experimental class (n=42) taught with the PBL model against a control class (n=43) using traditional lecture methods. Results demonstrate that the PBL cohort significantly outperformed their peers in post-test scores (72.6vs.63.4, p<0.001) and showed markedly higher proficiency in justifying methodological choices and applying statistical software. Qualitative feedback further revealed a paradigm shift among students, from viewing statistics as a set of computational procedures to seeing it as a tool for rational decision-making under uncertainty. This paper provides a replicable, system-oriented model for integrating foundational mathematics courses into the engineering education ecosystem.
creator: Yingdong Xie
creator: Yan Guo
rights: Copyright © 2026 Yingdong Xie, Yan Guo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 114
ending page: 116
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4966

Research on the Talent Cultivation Path for Preschool Education Majors in Vocational Undergraduate Education under the Background of Integrated Childcare and Preschool Education
type: item
description: The integration of childcare and preschool education is a key direction in the current reform of preschool education. Under the background of policy and practical transformation, the talent cultivation for preschool education majors in vocational undergraduate education faces new challenges. When implementing the concept of integrated childcare and preschool education, universities still encounter issues such as insufficient goal setting, a curriculum system lacking the support of integration concepts, and a mismatch between practical teaching and teacher allocation. Based on the context of integrated childcare and preschool education, it is necessary to start with the positioning of integrated talent cultivation, improve the dual orientation of training objectives; strengthen disciplinary integration to construct a curriculum system that aligns with the core competencies required for integrated teaching staff; and deepen the reform of practical education to optimize the cultivation process, thereby exploring effective paths for talent cultivation in vocational undergraduate preschool education.
creator: Jinshan Wu
creator: Sukyoung Cho
rights: Copyright © 2026 Jinshan Wu, Sukyoung Cho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 117
ending page: 119
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4967

The Effect Mechanism of Teacher Self-Leadership Training on Class Management and Students' Psychology under the Construction of Theoretical Model
type: item
description: Amid the "double reduction" policy and the post-pandemic era, insufficient intrinsic motivation among teachers has emerged as a critical bottleneck hindering teaching quality improvement. To address this, the novel "Teacher Self-Leadership-Efficacy Integration Model" is proposed. This study synthesizes Resource Protection Theory (RPT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), while incorporating the "Compound Training Resistance Effect" from kinesiology and "Quantified Self" from consumer behavior to provide multidimensional perspectives. The paradigm clearly delineates the mechanism of teacher self-leadership: first, it promotes psychological capital growth; second, it triggers actual leadership behaviors that enhance teaching atmosphere; and third, it improves students' psychological adjustment capabilities. This framework offers a scientifically robust and practically applicable theoretical system and methodology for addressing current challenges and exploring effective solutions.
creator: Hongmei Liu
creator: Wenbo Li
creator: Algozhayeva Nursulu Seitkerimovna
creator: Shakirova Araily Dalelovna
creator: Zenghua He
rights: Copyright © 2026 Hongmei Liu, Wenbo Li, Algozhayeva Nursulu Seitkerimovna, Shakirova Araily Dalelovna, Zenghua He https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 120
ending page: 129
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4968

Collaborative Education Between Cross-border E-commerce and International Chinese Education: Path Exploration and Case Analysis in an Industry-education Integration Context
type: item
description: This paper explores the integration of Cross-Border E-Commerce (CBEC) and International Chinese Education (ICE) under an industry-education collaboration framework. Amid expanding global trade and digitalization, there is rising demand for professionals with e-commerce expertise and cross-cultural communication competence. Based on case studies and literature, it examines synergies between the two fields, proposes a collaborative education model, and provides theoretical foundations, practical paths, and case data. The paper also addresses challenges, offers strategic recommendations, and notes that a well-structured collaborative approach can resolve talent shortages, improve educational outcomes, and support the global expansion of Chinese culture and e-commerce.
creator: Hongyan Cao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Hongyan Cao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 130
ending page: 132
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4969

Research on a "Software-Hardware Integration and Data-Intelligence Driven" Talent Cultivation Model for Electronic Information Majors in the AI Era
type: item
description: With the rapid advancement of AI driving the electronic information industry transition from digitalization to intelligentization, higher education has new challenges for talent cultivation. To address persistent challenges in Electronic Information majors such as curriculum obsolescence, inadequate software-hardware integration and inflexible evaluation, we propose Software-Hardware Integration and Data-Intelligence Driven cultivation model based on the “New Engineering” initiative incorporating four components: visualized curriculum knowledge graph, AI-assisted PBL, virtual-real integrated practice platform and multidimensional evaluation system. By breaking down silos and allowing deep convergence between AI and Electronic Information disciplines, we aim to cultivate innovators in hardware design and advanced intelligent algorithms as theoretical and practical reference for high quality talent development.
creator: Yueyu Zhou
rights: Copyright © 2026 Yueyu Zhou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 133
ending page: 136
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4970

A Study on the Construction of Virtual Simulation Teaching Platform for Preschool Inclusive Education in the Digital Context
type: item
description: Amid educational digitization, preschool inclusive education faces homogenized training, high logistical costs, and inadequate teacher competency. This study designs and validates a Virtual Simulation Teaching Platform through literature review, needs assessment, and iterative development, establishing a "trinity" framework integrating internship simulation, post-service professional development, and competency evaluation. Comprising practical operation, data acquisition, and operational assessment subsystems, it mitigates the "three highs and three difficulties" inherent in traditional pedagogy (high investment, complexity, and risk; difficulty in implementation, observation, and reproduction). Empirical results show that the platform optimizes talent training models, improves students' practical efficacy and teacher competency, providing a scalable technical path for the high-quality development of inclusive education.
creator: Changxiu Zhai
creator: Kangqiao Zhai
creator: Yaning Liu
creator: Ke Lyu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Changxiu Zhai, Kangqiao Zhai, Yaning Liu, Ke Lyu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 137
ending page: 141
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4971

Shandong Practices and Deepening Paths for Integrating Red Culture Resources into the Teaching of the "Compendium of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History" Course
type: item
description: Shandong boasts abundant and profound red culture resources, embodying the struggle and spiritual lineage of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Deeply integrating Shandong's red culture into the teaching of the "Compendium of Modern and Contemporary Chinese History" course holds significant educational value for strengthening the ideals and beliefs of college students. However, current integration efforts face challenges such as insufficient resource exploration, monotonous integration methods, and limited digital dissemination. Therefore, building a digitally empowered "theory-practice" innovative education model tailored to local conditions is proposed to support the fulfillment of the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education in universities.
creator: Le Ding
creator: Chunbo Liu
creator: Yumeng Wang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Le Ding, Chunbo Liu, Yumeng Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 142
ending page: 145
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4972

Exploration into the Reform Paths of Course Evaluation System under ESP Mode — Taking Business English Correspondence as an Example
type: item
description: English Business Correspondence, as an ESP course, aims at developing students’ English writing skills. The author has taught the course for five times, experiencing changes in textbooks and teaching materials. For the 2025-2026 academic year, teachers of this course applied for an educational reform project, and adopted ICLT model in the teaching design of this semester. By the end of the semester, the reform proved effective in improving students’ final exam score and satisfaction with the course. Besides, suggestions such as improving interactive atmosphere and strengthening link between the course and reality were also put forward.
creator: Mengqi Liu
creator: Xinyi Li
creator: Xi Yang
creator: Yan Zeng
rights: Copyright © 2026 Mengqi Liu, Xinyi Li, Xi Yang, Yan Zeng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 146
ending page: 153
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4973

Innovation and Practice of a Teaching Model for Cultivating AI-Empowered Creative Talents: A Case Study of the Advertising Copywriting Course
type: item
description: In response to the advertising industry's pressing need for "Copywriting + Technology + Data" composite talents in the context of the intelligent media era, this paper takes the "Advertising Copywriting" course as an example to systematically expound on the innovative teaching process centered on AIGC deep empowerment. Focusing on the three major pain points in teaching—outdated content, impractical exercises, and inadequate integration—this study constructs a teaching model termed "One Integrated Framework, Dual Cores, Three Phases, Four Transformations". The teaching reform is anchored in the principles of "student-centeredness and output-orientation," with "project-based practical teaching" as the main approach, and "Five-Mind Ideological and Political Education" and the "AIGC Tool Chain" serving as dual core drivers. It adheres to a three-stage ability progression path: "basic cognition - integrated application - innovative output," thereby achieving the teaching reform goal of cultivating digital and intelligent creative talents characterized by "AI-enhanced creation, media-integrated instruction, project-based practical implementation, and diversified evaluation."
creator: Miao Yu
rights: Copyright © 2026 Miao Yu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 154
ending page: 159
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4974

Development and Implementation of a Multidimensional Assessment and Evaluation System for the Basic Nursing Course in a Blended Learning Mode
type: item
description: Objective: To explore the implementation and effectiveness of a diversified assessment and evaluation system in the Basic Nursing course under a blended learning mode. Methods: A total of 110 second-year undergraduate nursing students were selected as the study participants. Traditional teaching and assessment methods were applied during their first semester, while blended learning and diversified assessment were implemented in the second semester. Students’ self-directed learning ability, satisfaction, and course objective attainment were evaluated at the end of each semester. Results: Compared with the first semester, the second semester showed significant improvements in academic performance, self-directed learning ability, course satisfaction, and course objective attainment (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the improvement of practical skills in the satisfaction survey (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The blended learning mode and diversified course assessment and evaluation system help enhance students' learning motivation and initiative, thereby improving teaching effectiveness.
creator: Minrui Zhang
creator: Di Zhang
creator: Xiaona Miao
rights: Copyright © 2026 Minrui Zhang, Di Zhang, Xiaona Miao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 160
ending page: 164
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4975

Practice of Diversification of Basketball Teaching Methods in Physical Education Specialty
type: item
description: To address the issues of monotonous teaching methods and disconnection between theory and practice in basketball instruction for physical education majors, this study explores diversified teaching approaches to enhance teaching quality and students 'comprehensive competencies. The results demonstrate that diversified practices such as tiered instruction and theory-practice integration effectively compensate for traditional teaching limitations, significantly improving students' basketball skills and teaching application abilities. This study proves that diversified teaching methods align with the characteristics of basketball instruction in physical education, balancing skill transmission with teaching competency development, and can serve as a practical reference for similar teaching practices.
creator: Zhengjun Zhou
rights: Copyright © 2026 Zhengjun Zhou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 165
ending page: 167
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4976

The Teacher in the Loop: Re-conceptualizing Roles and Agency in AI-Enhanced College English Classrooms
type: item
description: The integration of generative AI and adaptive language tools into college English teaching improves teaching efficiency but challenges traditional teacher roles. Based on relevant studies from 2021 to 2026, this paper redefines teachers' roles under the "human-in-the-loop" paradigm, proposes four core positions, analyzes key tensions in human-machine collaboration, constructs a sustainable application model, emphasizes the importance of teacher agency, and discusses its implications for institutional policies, teacher development and future research.
creator: Yuanyuan Yang
rights: Copyright © 2026 Yuanyuan Yang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 168
ending page: 171
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4977

Research on the Integration Path of Artificial Intelligence Data-intelligence Literacy and Project-based Learning in Higher Vocational English
type: item
description: Under the background of the digital education strategy in education, the cultivation of artificial intelligence data-intelligence literacy among vocational college students is becoming increasingly urgent. At present, higher vocational English teaching is confronted with dual challenges. Project-based learning (PBL) has deficiencies in cultivating higher-order qualities, while students’ use of generative artificial intelligence shows the characteristics of high frequency and low quality, lacking criticality and ethics. To this end, this study has constructed an integrated path for systematically cultivating data-intelligence literacy in PBL of higher vocational English. This research not only refines the connotation and cultivation mechanism of artificial intelligence literacy in specific disciplinary contexts, expands the theoretical boundaries of PBL teaching, but also provides an operational integrated solution for front-line teaching.
creator: Ying Lin
rights: Copyright © 2026 Ying Lin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 172
ending page: 175
doi: 10.32629/jher.v7i1.4978